CHAPTER XXVII 

 BY-PRODUCTS 



The utilization of the poorer grades of fruit is frequently of 

 great importance to the apple-grower. That portion of the crop 

 which is of too low a grade to market in the ordinary way can 

 often be made to pay a large part of the expense of maintaining 



A good type of a cheaply 



, U'<1 ( ider 



(Courtesy of St. Joseph Fruit Grower) 



the orchard if it is converted into some such form as cider, jelly, or 

 canned goods or evaporated apples, all of which are easily marketed. 

 Cider. Cider or fresh apple juice is obtained from the apples 

 by any one of a large number of machines, all of which are built 

 on the same principle. The apples must be ground or shredded, 

 and enough pressure applied to extract the juice from the torn pulp. 



