362 THE APPLE 



Paring. In power evaporating a long table common to all the 

 parers is generally used. The necessary carriers for removing the 

 apples and the parings operate beneath the table. If individual 

 tables are used in such cases, a small sluice may connect each table 

 with a carrier which works just beneath the floor, and delivers to 

 an elevator that connects with the bleacher. By thus placing below 

 the floor the carrier which takes the fruit from the tables, the 

 space above is left unobstructed, which would not be the case were 

 the individual tables connected with a common carrier. In nearly 

 all the evaporators the paring and trimming are done by Women 

 and girls. 



Trimming. In paring the fruit, there is usually more or less 

 skin left around the stem and calyx of the apples and any irregular 

 places that may occur. There will be wormholes, decayed spots, 

 and other blemishes which will detract from the appearance of the 

 product if allowed to remain. Even bruises are objected to by 

 the most exacting operators. Hence all such defects are cut out as 

 soon as the fruit is pared, if the highest grade of product is to be 

 made. This is done with an ordinary straight-back, sharp-pointed 

 knife having a blade about three inches long. 



Bleaching. In order to make the fruit as white as possible, it is 

 usually subjected to the fumes of burning sulphur. The apparatus 

 in which the fumes are applied is called a bleacher. The form 

 and manner of construction vary greatly, as do most of the other 

 appliances. The requisites are a perfectly tight compartment 

 having a capacity commensurate with the size of the evaporator 

 and the necessary facilities for burning the sulphur. 



Perhaps the most satisfactory bleacher for evaporators in which 

 an engine is installed is the " power " (or " horizontal ") type. Its 

 characteristic feature is the movable bottom (or false bottom), on 

 which the fruit is carried through the bleacher. This bleacher con- 

 sists of a tight box about 3 feet square and 20 or more feet long. 



The apples are conveyed from the paring room to the bleacher 

 by a carrier or elevator, similar to those already referred to, and 

 are dropped into one end of the bleacher, falling on the movable 

 bottom, which consists of an endless belt of lugs turned by the 

 proper gear attachment. The speed of movement is governed by 

 the gearing, and is adjusted to correspond with the time it is 



