BY-PRODUCTS 369 



be quite free from undesirable portions, but stock having a small 

 percentage of such defects is usually put in this grade. 



Extra Fancy. As the name implies, this is a Fancy grade that 

 is exceptionally fine. It must possess in a marked degree all the 

 qualities mentioned in describing that grade. At least 85 per cent 

 of the slices should be rings. 



The side of the box intended for the face is packed first, as 

 in the case of fresh fruit in boxes or barrels. The first step, 

 therefore, is to face the top. The facers are slices which are 

 perfect rings. These are usually selected from a quantity of 

 fruit which contains a relatively large proportion of them ; they 

 are then placed on thin boards, the measure of which is slightly less 

 than that of the inside of the top, overlapping one another in length- 

 wise rows. The facers are put in place by inserting the board on 

 which they are arranged into the box, which is first lined with paraffin 

 paper, and then with a dexterous movement of the hand flipping 

 the layer of rings against the inner face or the bottom, which is 

 to become the top of the box. 



A press is generally used in filling the boxes. Three men 

 compose a packing gang for each press : one to fill the boxes and 

 weigh the fruit ; one to operate the press ; and the third to nail 

 on the cover, which now becomes the bottom of the box. 



In facing whole apples, they are placed on their side in rows 

 lengthwise of the bottom (when packed, the top) of the box. The 

 boxes are then filled the same as with slices. Quarters are handled 

 in the same way. 



Cartons are filled by hand, the work usually being done on a 

 table of convenient height, and each package being weighed to 

 insure the proper content of fruit. 



The sun-dried fruit, of which quite large quantities are handled 

 by some dealers, is usually packed in sugar barrels. This is largely 

 exported. The waste is also generally put into barrels, about 240 

 or 250 pounds net being required for a barrel. Chops are handled 

 in a similar manner. 



The boxes used for the evaporated fruit are as follows : 



For American trade a 50-pound wooden box, 10] x 1 1 x 22 in. 

 inside, and a 25-pound wooden box, 9 xg X 18 in. inside; for 

 export trade a 5 5 -pound wooden box, 11 x n| x 22. 1 , in., 



