COSTS, YIELDS, AND PROFITS 377 



Summary : 



Labor $0.56 



Cost of materials .49 



Fixed charges 428 



Total cost #[.474 



The labor per acre is made up in the average orchard of 145 hours man's 

 work and 55 hours horse work; in the better-managed orchard, of 195 hours 

 man's work and 75 hours horse work. 



It has been found that where better management is used, and where the 

 total yield of apples per acre is above the average of sixty-six barrels, the total 

 cost of producing is reduced from #1.47! to as low as #1.21 per barrel. 



Cost of producing a bushel of apples. Taking into account the 

 items necessary to the proper management, it is found that a bushel 

 of apples on average trees can be produced for about 36 cents. The 

 age and size of the tree will have much to do with this cost. This 

 estimate is obtained from figures given above on the basis of a yield 

 of about seventy or seventy-five barrels per acre. To summarize : 



Interest #0.022 



Necessary equipment 025 



Spray material 013 



Cover crops 005 



Barrels 1 10 



Labor 1S0 



Overhead charges 005 



Total $0,360 per bushel 



Cost of selling a bushel of apples. In New York the charges 

 for selling a bushel of apples are as follows : 



Railroad, from grower to New York City . . . . $0.10 



Cartage, commission (10 per cent) 12 



Retailer 50 



Total #0.72 



Thus the grower receives from 15 to 50 cents per bushel. 

 In shipping from the West the following charges are made : 



Association or agent $0.10 



Railroad .50 



Commission man .25 



Retailer $1.00 to 1.35 



$1.85 to $2.20 



In this case the grower obtains from $1.15 to 80 cents per box. 



