390 



THE APPLE 



vacant space here and there might prove to be an advantage. It 

 has not been found to be satisfactory to start young trees in an 

 old orchard, nor has it proved profitable to grow other crops in 

 the vacant spaces. Where the orchard is very small or along the 

 roadside, vacancies may be rilled or ignored, as is most convenient. 



73. Renovating a tree 



A large amount of useless wood has been cut away from this neglected tree. Still more 

 should be removed, as indicated by the arc 



6. Shape and position of head of tree. Years ago high-headed 

 nursery stock was commonly used, and the close planting of the 

 trees had a tendency to make them still higher. On account of 

 the difficulty of spraying high-headed trees and the added expense 

 in harvesting the fruit, it is not advisable to undertake the improve- 

 ment of an orchard composed chiefly of such trees. Provided, how- 

 ever, the trees are not too old, good results may be expected from 

 the renovation of moderately high-headed and long-armed trees by 

 severely heading in. 



