406 THE APPLE 



picked 3100 from the 50 acres cultivated two and three years, and of these I 

 did not have 10 barrels of stung apples. The crop was packed as fancies, 

 firsts, and seconds: 2200 barrels fancies (nothing smaller than 2J inches); 

 800 barrels firsts (nothing smaller than 2^ inches) ; balance, windfalls (a trifle 

 small, but free from worms). 



The windfalls brought $2. 00 per barrel at the station. The others were 

 placed in cold storage at Troy, New York, and were handled by a commission 

 house in New York. Fancies have sold at $7.00 and firsts at $5.00. Seconds 

 were sold on arrival at $3.00. 



The 1907 crop netted, after deducting costs of pick- 

 ing, freight, and commission $3044.50 



The crop of 1908 netted 2000.00 



In 1909 the net returns will go well beyond . . . 10,000.00 



[In 191 2 Mr. Holmes estimated that it would go well 



beyond 20,000.00] 



In spraying I use a two-and-a-third horse-power gasoline sprayer made by 

 the Field Force Pump Company. Hand-power pumps are too laborious, and 

 do not give force enough to produce the fine spray necessary to reach every 

 part of fruit and foliage. 



I spray before buds open for bud moth and cigar-case bearer with Bordeaux- 

 lead-arsenate mixture, and again after the blossoms fall for codling moth with 

 lead arsenate arid lime. My experience is that this is the most important 

 spray. The third spray comes just before the apple turns down, and is for 

 blight, fungus, and the codling moth. Spraying at this time, if carefully done, 

 fills the calyx with a first and last breakfast for the grub when he emerges 

 from the egg. Our greatest pest is the codling moth, but this need not be 

 feared if the spray nozzle is pointed in the right direction and held there long 

 enough during the second spraying. 



With good cultivation, thorough spraying, trimming, and fertilization we 

 have nothing to fear from the great Northwest. 



Last, but not least, pack true to mark. 



Mr. Holmes has refused $1000 an acre for his hundred acres 

 of orchard. 



