424 THE APPLE 



2. Ben Davis crossed with Mcintosh produced the Cortland, 

 an apple closely resembling the Mcintosh in color, shape, and 

 flesh. It gives promise of being a valuable commercial apple 

 of the Mcintosh type. 



3. Esopus crossed with Ben Davis produced the Nassau. The 

 Nassau is much superior to the Ben Davis in quality, but is hardly 

 equal to the Esopus. The color is more like that of the Ben 

 Davis, and its contrasting red and yellow is most attractive. 



4. Sutton crossed with Northern Spy produced the Oswego. 

 This resembles the Northern Spy, though it is larger, more conical, 

 and brighter in color. The flesh resembles that of the Spy in color 

 and texture, but the flavor is different, although equally good. 



5. Ben Davis crossed with Mother produced the Rockland. The 

 fruit of this cross is most pleasing in appearance, although small, 

 resembling the Mother in size, shape, color, texture, flavor, and 

 quality. This ought to be especially valuable as a dessert fruit. 



6. Ben Davis crossed with Mother produced the Schenectady. 

 This new variety is remarkably attractive, its size, shape, and color 

 all being most pleasing. It is not quite high enough in quality to 

 be called a first-class dessert fruit, but it is much better than the 

 Ben Davis and is a splendid apple. 



7. Ralls crossed with Northern Spy produced the Schoharie, 

 which is of proper size but somewhat dull in color. Its flavor is 

 such as to make it desirable both as a cooking apple and as a 

 dessert apple. It is of the type of the Northern Spy in shape and 

 color, and its flesh, while more yellow than that of the Northern 

 Spy, has the same delicious flavor and aroma. 



Aim in breeding. The aim in breeding is to produce varie- 

 ties which have the greatest number of desirable characters and 

 the fewest undesirable ones. Mendel has shown that characters are 

 transmitted as units, which segregate in accordance with a definite 

 formula. It remains, then, for the breeder to take certain characters 

 from one parent, others from another, and make as many combi- 

 nations as possible and select the best from these. The first task 

 is to determine how characters are inherited, after which they can 

 be associated or disassociated somewhat as the breeder wishes. 



The determination of the factors by which the various characters 

 are transmitted will prove a difficult task. If all were simple 



