COLOR 447 



In some of these cases the color is also heritable. This is true 

 of the Banks, which is reported to have been widely propagated 

 in Nova Scotia, and to have come satisfactorily true to type in most 

 cases. The genuine Gano is known to be practically constant in 

 its solid-red colors, at least within its proper habitat. The rather 

 striking and apparently heritable differences in color, some of 

 which have certainly originated by vegetative variation, seem more 

 nearly to prove the existence of genuine bud-mutations and the 

 possibility of their utilization in apple improvement along various 

 lines than any other evidence we have. 



Conclusions. A study of the subject as a whole leads to the 

 following general conclusions : 



Color in the pome fruits is not influenced directly in the 

 immediate cross. 



New characters cannot be added by the pollen, except in the 

 seed itself, in the immediate cross. 



The manifestation of color is dependent on many environmental 

 factors. 



Color, as usually found, is composed of a number of unit 

 characters. 



Somatic segregation may occur, and by this means the several 

 factors may appear as bands more or less parallel or a band of 

 but one color surrounded by the normal color. 



Similar segregation may extend to any group of unit characters 

 of which the plant is composed. 



Segregation may extend to either fruit or leaf buds, if such 

 variations may be propagated asexually. 



Red in apples may consist of either a single character or a 

 complex unit of characters — at least three reds are recognizable. 



Somatic segregation may be of service to plant breeders as indi- 

 cating the unit characters that are likely to exhibit themselves when 

 a plant is propagated sexually. 



Segregation generally extends to the flower bud only in apples, 

 while in pears the shoot is frequently affected. 



