FRUIT-GROWING IN THE UNITED STATES 45 5 



the more resistant varieties are the most satisfactory methods of 

 controlling the ravages of the canker. 



The prevalence of fungous diseases will always be a serious hin- 

 drance to commercial orcharding west of the Cascade Mountains, 

 but this region is not seriously infested with insects. The codling 

 moth is easily controlled. The San Jose scale is common, but is 

 easily kept down with the lime-sulphur-salt spray. 



The Inland Valley fruit-growers have practically no trouble with 

 fungous diseases, because of their very dry climate, but are griev- 

 ously tormented with insects, especially the codling moth. At least 

 90 per cent of the orchards in this region have codling moth in 

 them. There are several broods each season, and the broods over- 

 lap, so that it is a continuous fight from the fall of the blossoms 

 until the last of August. In the Northwest the codling moth is a 

 far more serious orchard pest than the San Jose scale. Some of 

 the best growers are able to save from 80 to 90 per cent of their 

 crop by giving from five to six sprayings each season, at intervals 

 of from two to three weeks, the first spraying being given imme- 

 diately after the blossoms have fallen, as in the East. This one 

 spraying is not sufficient, however, for it is the later broods which 

 do the most damage. Arsenite of soda, in several formulas, is the 

 material most commonly used. Spraying is usually supplemented 

 by banding the trees. One large grower reports that he has trapped 

 4000 codling moths in one season under the bands of 750 trees. 



Many growers now thin their apples, so that no two fruits touch 

 each other. The thinning of apples is coming to be recognized as 

 a profitable orchard practice in the Northwest, and it is one which 

 many Eastern growers might follow to advantage. 



The orchards of the Inland Uplands are favored with compara- 

 tive freedom from injurious insects and diseases, except that apple 

 scab, codling moth, and San Jose scale are present to a limited 

 extent. The dry summers are not favorable for the growth of fun- 

 gous diseases, and the cool nights and short seasons are supposed 

 to limit insect development. Although the upland orchardists can- 

 not expect complete immunity from insects and diseases, as many 

 have hopefully predicted, it is quite certain that they will not be as 

 seriously troubled with them as the fruit-growers in other sections 

 of the Northwest. 



