490 



THE APPLE 



Elevation for orchard. 9 

 Emasculation. 41S 

 European apple canker. 213 

 Evaporated fruit, 358; grading and 



packing, 36S 

 Evaporation of apples, 358; apples 



suitable for, 360 

 Exhibits, scoring, judging, describing, 



428 

 Export, 328 ; varieties for, 47S 

 Exposure, meaning of term, 7 



Fall Pippin, soils for, 15 



Fall webworm, 1S4 



Fertilizer, general, for apple orchards, 

 10S ; influence of, on color, 439 



Fertilizing, 99 ; advantages and dis- 

 advantages of, 99 ; mineral constitu- 

 ents in, 100 ; functions and effects of 

 minerals, 101 ; what to use, 107 ; 

 method of application, 109, III ; time 

 of application, 109; need of, no; 

 plan of, in 



First-class stock, 36 



Flavor, poor, cause of, 6 



Flumes, head, 139 



Fly-speck fungus, 226 



Frost, effect of, in spring, 3 



Fruit-growing in various sections of the 

 United States, 448 



Fruit Marks Act, 465 



Fruit spot, 225 



Furrows, making, 143 ; number of, 143 ; 

 water in, 144 



Gano, soils for, 14 



Grading, 270; rules for, 271; Sulzer 



Bill for, 276; methods of, 281 ; 



machines for, 285, 289 

 Grafting, 408, 412 ; time for, 412 ; wax 



for, 412 ; scions for, 413 

 Green-fruit worm, 205 

 Grimes, soils for, 1 5 

 Growers' organizations, 373 

 Gypsy moth, 189 



Handling of trees from nurseryman, 42 

 Harrowing land for orchard, 56 

 Harrows, kinds of, 119 

 Head ditches, 136; constructor for 



making, 136; short tubes in, 137 

 Head flumes, 139 

 Heaters for orchards, 27, 34; types of, 



27 ; number of, per acre, 28 ; oil 



for, 29 

 Heating of orchards, 27 ; cost of, 35 

 Heeling in of trees, 42 

 Heredity, effect of, on color, 446 



Home use, apples grown for, 384 

 llubbardston, soils for, 17 



Injuries, miscellaneous, 260 

 Insects, 170; in Northwest, 454 

 Intercropping, 158; crops tor, 158; 



small fruits for, 160; field crops for, 



162; vegetables for, 162; rotation 



in, 163 

 Iron, as fertilizer, 107 ; effect of, on 



color, 445 

 Irrigated trees, 134 

 Irrigation (and drainage), 131 ; methods 



of, 136, 146, 147; time for, 148; 



frequency of, 149; winter, 153 



Jelly, 356 



Judging fruit, essentials for, 437 



Kimball cultivator, 120 



Kinds of apples, 467. See Varieties 



King, soils for, 17 



Land for orchard, preparation of, 53 ; 



plowing, 53 ; rolling, 55 ; harrowing, 



56 ; tools for, 57 

 Laying out an orchard, 58 ; large, 58 ; 



staking, 59 ; systems, 60 ; trees per 



acre, 66; small, 69 

 Leaf crumpler, 182 

 Leaf roller, 183 

 Leaf skeletonizer, 183 

 Lice, 174 



Light, effect of, on color, 444, 445 

 Lime (calcium) as fertilizer, 104 



Maggot, 207 



Magnesium as fertilizer, 106 



Mammoth Black Twig (Arkansas), 18; 

 soils for, 18 



Manure, stable, for orchard, 51 



Marketing, 314 ; at auction, 321 ; on 

 the dock, 322 ; New York apple 

 market, 323 ; by jobber, 324 ; retailer 

 for, 324; distribution in, 326; new 

 markets in, 327 ; of fancy apples. 321) ; 

 cost of, 330 ; in Northwest, 456 ; vari- 

 eties for, 476 



Markets in the United States, prefer- 

 ences of, for different varieties, 487 



Marmalade, 358 



Mealiness in fruit, 7 



Mice, injury by, 262 



Mildew, 215 



Moisture conserved by cultivation, 113 



Moths, brown-tail, 185; gypsy, 189; 

 apple-bud, 195; bud, 195; codling, 

 ,96 



