300 
has been investigated lately by Mr. Caldwell, a distinguished 
science student of Cambridge, and he has found its affinity in 
these respects to the Newt extremely close. 
One species of the CoIM#RID#, of the génus Callorhynchus 
is feund in the cold seas of the south. The PLaciosroMaTAa 
occupy a marked place in the Fauna of Australia. The 
SnLACHOIDE!, or Sharks, number about 40 species, in a total of 
about 126. All the main groups or families are imcluded in 
the 40 species, and one family, consisting of the genus LHeter- 
odontus, may be regarded as almost an Australian form. It 
seems to have been common in the Jurassic period, but the 
only species known at the present day are two species Aus- 
tralian, one Californian, one Japanese, and one Galipago 
Islands. Itis known in Australia as the “ Port Jackson Shark.” 
A yvemarkable discovery has lately been made of a large 
specimen of the Arctic Basking Shark (Selache maxima) on 
the South Coast of Victoria, near Portland Bay. 
The BaroipE! are not quite so proportionally numerous in 
Australia, being only about 25 species in a total of 140, but 
still a large proportion. All the families are represented, and 
some of the species are of great size. A specimen of Ceratoptera 
in the Australian Museum, Sydney, is of gigantic dimensions, 
Of the Order MARSIPOBRANCHII, the Family 
PETROMYZONIDZ is represented by a species of Mordacia, a 
genus found also on the Chilian Coast, a species of Neomordacia 
exclusively Australian, three species of Geotria, a genus also 
found on the Chilian Coast, and one species of a strictly 
Australian genus Yarra, all from fresh or brackish water on 
the South Coast. One species of the Australian Amphiowus, 
or Lancelot, may be readily obtained on almost all parts of the 
Coast of Victoria and New South Wales by dredging at some 
depth on a sandy bottom. 
SUB-KINGDOM MOLLUSCA. 
The Mollusca of the entire world must number nearly, if not 
quite 30,000 fossil and recent species. The number of Austra- 
lian species is about 5000. This is a large percentage (1-6th) 
for Australia; but the climate, the large sea-frontage, the nature 
of the coast-line, all combine to make Australia a favourable 
resort for this sub-kingdom. 
There is less, however, in the Mollusca than im any other sub- 
kingdom of the Animalia of a peculiarly Australian character 
to be observed,—in fact, except in one or two not very 
important peculiarities, there is nothing to separate the region 
from the rest of the world. Of the Class BRANCHIOPODA 
there are only about 80 existing species. Of these eight are 
Australian, one of the Craniip”, the rest TEREBRATULIDZ ; 
six of them found in Port Jackson. The Class LAMELLI- 
