I/INNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. SXVU 



At J^APLBS, from 1819 to 1851, tlieEoyal Academy of Sciences 

 published six quarto voluines of Transactions as Atti della Eeale 

 Aceademia delle Scienze (or sometimes della Societa Eeale Bor- 

 bonica, Aceademia delle Scienze), with notliing worth, mentioning 

 in ISTatural History. In 1852 a second series was commenced as 

 Memorie della Eeale Aceademia delle Scienze, dirided into Mathe- 

 matical, Natural, and Moral Sciences. In the two volumes of this 

 set I find in our sciences only Costa's papers on a few Italian 

 Crustacea and insects, and on the Italian fossil fish and Eorami- 

 nifera. In 1862 the Academy was reconstituted as Societa Eeale 

 di Napoli, Aceademia delle Scienze Eisiche e Mathematiche ; 

 and their volume of Atti for 1863 comprises various papers by 

 Grasparini on Vegetable Physiology, and one by Costa on Cala- 

 brian Entomology. Each paper forms a separate Number, with 

 a separate paging, but without any indication of a separate sale. 



The Aceademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturale of Catanlv. appear 

 to have been very active for a place of so few resources. From 1825 

 to 1837, they published twelve thin quarto volumes of Atti, and 

 a second series, to 1864, extends abeady to nineteen volumes. The 

 paper, typography, and illustrations, at first very coarse and rude, 

 improve in the later volumes. The Natural-History papers relate 

 chiefly to the Agriculture, Eauna, Elora, and Greology of the im- 

 mediate v^icinity of Mount Etna. 



Other Academies with their Transactions appear to have started 

 at different times in various Italian towns, but to have had only 

 an ephemeral and unimportant existence, and botanical journals 

 have been occasionally attempted. In 1803-4 Viviani published 

 at G-EN0A2 parts, octavo, of Annales Botanici, with descriptions of 

 Italian plants, and extracts from foreign botanical works ; and 

 again, in 1845, Professor Parlatore, at Elokence, commenced a 

 Griornale Botanico Italiano, devoted also chiefly to the Italian 

 flora, or to reviews of books. The first Numbers came out in 

 rapid succession, but it soon lingered on only at irregular inter- 

 vals, and, I believe, came to a final close with the end of the 

 second volume in 1847. 



The Italian Transactions generally are in the language of the 

 country, with a few papers in French, and occasionally in Latin, 

 which is also frequently used for technical characters. 



VI. Spain. 



In 1847, the old Academy of Natural Sciences of Madrid, 

 which in its time had done some good work, was reorganized as 



