LINNEAN SOCIETY 01" LONDON, liii 



He also built the convenient and spacious Temperance Hall at 

 Ipswich entirely at his own cost ; and was during his whole life 

 an ardent, enthusiastic, and consistent advocate of the temper- 

 ance movement. 



Seinrich Barth, one of the most distinguished in the illustrious 

 host of African explorers, was born at Hamburg on the 16th of 

 February, 1821, and died at Berlin on the 25th of November, 1865. 



At a very early age Dr. Barth appears to have set before him- 

 self, as the object of his life, the investigation of the history of 

 the course of ancient commerce and civilization amongst the 

 nations inhabiting the Mediterranean basin. "With this view he 

 devoted himself with extreme assiduity to classical and historical 

 studies, and to that of modern languages, in the acquirement of 

 which he enjoyed the utmost facility. 



WeU versed in classical and modern philology, he proceeded to 

 the University of Berlin in 1839, where his studies were conti- 

 nued under the guidance of Lachmann, Zumpt, and other distin- 

 guished scholars ; and where also he was fortunate enough to 

 attend the lectures of Carl Eitter on geography. Unfortunately, 

 however, he seems never to have had any taste for natural-history 

 studies, his deficiency in which he often had reason in after years 

 so deeply to lament. 



In 1810 he visited the Alps and the whole length of the Apen- 

 nine ridge, the south of Italy, and Sicily, his attention being 

 chiefly directed to the subject I have above adverted to ; and the 

 first fruits of his observations respecting it appeared in his Inau- 

 gural Thesis in 1844, entitled " Corinthiorum Commercii et Mer- 

 caturse historiae particula." 



Having completed his academical course, Barth in the year 

 1845 set out upon his long projected travels in the countries ad- 

 joining the Mediterranean. But as a preliminary step he came 

 to London, in order to study the remains of ancient art in the 

 British Museum, and also to learn Arabic. Prom London he 

 proceeded to Paris, and subsequently through France and Spain 

 to Gribraltar, where his actual labours were to commence. 



His intention appears to have been to traverse the northern 

 part of the African continent from west to east, but finding it 

 impossible to pass through Morocco, he was compelled to return 

 to Spain and thence proceeded to Algiers. At this early period 

 of the Trench occupation of the country he was again prevented 

 following the land route he would otherwise have taken, and he 

 went by sea to Tunis, whence he made his way to the sites of 



