LINNEAK SOCIETY OP LONDON. Ixxix 



capitulated at Alexandria, and devoted himself to the study of 

 medicine. He qualified as surgeon in 1804, and was attached to 

 the military hospital at Boulogne, and thence sent in 1806 to 

 the army of Naples. In 1807 he was authorized by the Emperor 

 to pass into the guard of King Joseph, and served in the regiment 

 of Grenadiers, of which he became the following year, on the ar- 

 rival of King Marat, surgeon-major, being at the same time nomi- 

 nated a Knight of the Royal Order of the Two Sicilies. In 1814" 

 he was charged with the surgical service of the Eoyal Guard of 

 Murat, and in 1815 received the title of Surgeon-in-Chief, and was 

 charged with the superintendence of the medical service of the 

 army. In consequence of a disastrous campaign, the Prench, in 

 spite of the engagement entered into with the Austrians to respect 

 their liberty, were all made prisoners of war and carried off into 

 the fortress of Arad, in the depths of Hungary. In 1816 they were 

 allowed to return to their country, where, after a year's anxious 

 delay, he obtained his readmission on half-pay as surgeon-major. 

 After having practised medicine at Paris, and, in the intervals of 

 leisure, devoted himself to the study of Greek, for which he had 

 an original predilection, he \^'as recalled to the service as surgeon- 

 major in 1819. He then took part in the Spanish Campaign ; and 

 his conduct at the siege of Pampeluna gained for him the Cross 

 of Honour. In 1830 he was made the head of the military hos- 

 pital at Sedan. Two years later he obtained his discharge, and 

 established himself at Paris. Por a long time his taste had turned 

 towards Botany, in which Laurent de Jussieu, Desfontaines, and 

 Claude Pichard had been his masters. While in service he visited 

 successively Lorraine, the Vosges, Spain, Brittany, the isles of 

 Hyeres, Lyons, the Pyrenees, and Ardennes, where he made large 

 collections. But on his return to Paris he found the study of 

 Cryptogamic plants, to which he was especially attached, almost 

 abandoned in France, or at least so far neglected that travellers 

 were obliged to send their Mosses, Pungi, Lichens, and Algse to 

 Sweden, Germany, and England for determination. This was the 

 case with Gaudichaud and Auguste de Saint Hilaire, both Mem- 

 bers of the Academy. Induced by a desire to be useful, M. Mon- 

 tague devoted himself with as much zeal as disinterestedness to a 

 branch of botany which had fallen into abeyance, and for twenty 

 years gave up ten hours a day to it. He introduced, described, 

 and figured in great measure almost 2000 species ; and to arrive 

 at this result he entered into the most active correspondence with 

 the principal botanists of Europe and America. This perseverance 



