394 SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN FOSSIL BRACHIOPODA. [bull. 87. 



Spirifer iowaensis Owen — Continued. 



Spiriler cedareneis Owen, Geol. Survey Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, 1852, 

 p. 586, pi. 3, tig. 5. [See specimens in U. S. Nat. Mus., Cat. Invert. Foss., 17 

 923.] 



Spirifer pennata Hall, Geol. Survey, Iowa, I, Ft. II, 1S58, p. 510, pi. 5, fig. 1. 



fSpirifera allied to i)cniiata Etberidge, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXXIV, 

 1878, p. 633, pi. 29, tig. 1. 



Spirifera atwaterana Miller, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., 1878, p. 222. — Nettel- 

 rotli, Kentucky Fossil Shells, Mem. Kentucky Geol. Survey, 1889, p. 107. 



Spirifera pennata Whitfield, Geol. Wisconsin, IV, 1882, p. 3.30, pi. 26, fig. 4.— 

 Hall, Second Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Geol., 1883, pi. 52, figs. 19-24. 



Loc. New Bufl'alo, Independence, etc., Iowa; Rock Island, Illinois; Milwaukee, 

 Wisconsin; Falls of Ohio; south of Cape Joseph Henry, lat. 82'^ 42'. 



Oia. Owen's type specimens of S. iowaensis, S. pennatus, S. ligus, and S. cedar- 

 ensis are preserved in the National Museum collection. The six specimens 

 of these species show, when compared with a large series of similar shells 

 from Iowa, that they are but variations of a very variable and widely dis- 

 tributed Spirifer of the Devonian of the Mississippi Valley, The width and 

 degree of curvature of the ventral area and the length of the cardinal line 

 are extremely variable features in S. iowaensis. Upon these characters Owen 

 has based his species. The name S. iowaensis has been selected not only- 

 because it is very appropriate but also since it is the first one described. 

 S. parryanus is another closely allied species, but can be separated generally 

 by its wider ventral area and in the cardinal lines not being drawn out inta 

 more or less mucronate extensions. 



Spirifer kelloggi Swallow. Keokuk (L. Carb.). 



Spirifera kelloggi Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci,, II, 1863, p 86. — Keyes, 



Geol. Survey Missouri, V, 1895, p. 81. 

 Spiriferina kelloggi Satford, Geol. Tennessee, 1869, p. 360. 

 Loc. Keokuk, Iowa; Tennessee. 



Spirifer kennicotti Meek. Middle Devonian. 



Spirifer kennicotti Meek, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., I, 1868, p. 101, pi. 14, fig. 9. 



Loc. Mackenzie River Valley, Northwest Territory, Canada. 



Oha. This species is much like S. pennatus Miller, but with the fold and sinus 

 plicated. It is unlike S. disjunctus, to which it has been referred by Whit- 

 eaves, in its shallow visceral cavity. 



Spirifer kentuckiensis Sliumard= Spiriferina cristata. 



Spirifer kentuckiensis var. i^ropatula Swallow= Spiriferina cristata. 



Spirifer keokuk Hall. Keokuk (L. Carb.). 



Spirifer striatus? var. attenuatus? Owen (non Sow.), Geol. Survey Wisconsin. 



Iowa, Minnesota, 1852, pi. 3A, fig. 8. [See specimens in U, S. Nat. Mus., Cat. 



Invert. Foss., 17944.] 

 Spirifer keokuk Hall, Geol. Survey Iowa, I, Pt. II, 1858, p. 642, pi. 20, figs. 3 and 



2d;— Second Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Geol., 1883, pi. 55, figs. 21-24.— Hall and 



Clarke, Pal, New York, VIII, Pt. II, 1893, pp. 27, 38, pi. 30, figs. 21-24 ; pi. 37, 



figs. 13-15. 

 Spirifer keokuk var. Hall, Geol. Survey Iowa, I, Pt. II, 1858, p. 676, pi. 24, fig. 4. 

 Spirifer keokuk? Meek, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Survey Terr., II, 1876, p. 3.55, pi. 1, 



fig. 3. 

 Spirifera keokuk Keyes, Geol. Survey Missouri, V, 1895, p. 81, pi. 40, fig. 2. 

 Loc. Keokuk, Iowa; Nauvoo and Warsaw, Illinois; Utah; Rushville and Lou- 



donville, Ohio (Herrick). 

 Ohs. See S. littoni. 



