400 SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN FOSSIL BRACHIOPODA. [bull. 87. 



Spirifer octocostatus Hall. Lower Helderberg (Dev.). 



Spiriler ootocostata Hall, Tenth Rep. N. Y. State Cab. Nat, Hist., 1857, p. 62j— 



Pal. New York, III, 1859, p. 205, pi. 28, fig. 4. 

 Xof. Cumberland, Maryland. 



Spirifer octoplicatus Hall = Spiriferiua cristata. 

 Spir-'er opiums Hall = Spirifer rockymontanus. 



Spirifer orbignyi Morris and Sharpe. Lower Devonian, 



^jdriler urbignii -Morris and Sharpe, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, II, 1846, 



p. 276, pi. 11, fig. 3. 

 Loc. Falkland Islands. 

 Ohs. Probably identical with S. antarcticus. 



Spirifer oregonensis Sliumard. Upper Carboniferous. 



Spirifer oregonensis Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., II, 1863, p. 108. 

 Loc. Near P"'ort Filmore, New Mexico. 



Spirifer orestes Hall and Whitfield. Chemung (Dev.). 



Spirifera orestes Hall and Whitfield, Twenty-third Rep. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. 



Hist., 1872, p. 237, pi. 11, figs. 16-20.— Hall, Second Ann. Rep. N. Y. State 



Geol., 1883, pi. 55, fig. 20. 

 Spirifer orestes Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, VIII, Pt. II, 1893, pp. 27, 38, pi. 



30, fig. 20. 

 Loc. Rockford, Iowa; Naples, New York. 

 Ols. Compare with S. strigosus. 



Spirifer osagensis Swallow. Chouteau (L. Carb.). 



Spirifer osagensis Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., I, 1860, p. 641. 

 Loc. Pettis County, Missouri. 

 Ohs. Regarded by Keyes as a synonym for S. marionensis. 



Spirifer ovalis Phillips. Carboniferous. 



Spirifer ovalis Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, II, 1836, p. 219, pi. 10, fig. 5.— Ether- 



idge. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXXIV, 1878, p. 629. 

 Loc. Europe. Feilden Isthmus, lat. 82° 43'. 



Spirifer oweni Hall = Spirifer granulosus. 



Spirifer paradoxus (Schlotheim). Corniferous (Dev.). 



Terebratula paradoxa Schlotheim, Petrefactenkunde, VII, 1813, p. 249, tab. 2, 



fig. 6. 

 Spirifer paradoxus? Meek and Worthen, Geol. Survey Illinois, III, 1868, p. 415, 



pi. 10, fig. 2. 

 Loc. Europe ; Union and Jackson counties, Illinois. 



Spirifer parryana Hall=S. euryteines Owen. 



Spirifer peculiaris Shumard. Kinderhook (L. Carb.). 



Spirifer? peculiaris Shumard, Geol. Rep. Missouri, 1855, p. 202, PI. C, fig. 7. 

 Spirifera (Martinia) peculiaris White, Wheeler's Expl. and Survey west 100th 



Meridian, IV, 1875, p. 90, pi. 5, fig. 7. 

 Loc. Cooper County, Missouri ; Mountain Spring, Nevada. 



Spirifer pedroanus Rathbun. Middle Devonian. 



Spirifera pedroana (Hartt) Rathbun, Bull. Buifalo Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 1874, p. 237, 



pi. 8, figs. 1-9, 13, 14, 16-20;— Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, 1879, p. 27. 

 Loc. Erere and Province of Para, Brazil. 



Spirifer pennatus Owen = Spirifer iowaeusis. 



