■262 MR. JULIAN S. HUXLEY ON 
in this case, with that of anxiety. It was here evident that it was per- 
formed especially when the bird was particularly nervous ; for instance, 
whenever she approached the nest'region. This she did repeatedly, sheering 
■off six or eight times before finiilly plucking up courage to ascend the nest. 
The " looking in the water ■" alternated with a curious action of the wings, 
first one and then the other being raised very slightly. This was not 
-seen at any other time. The male arrived on the tarn about 6 p.m. The 
female flew along the water to his neighbourhood, uttering a repeated cooing 
jTote. Both made towards the nest, the female leading, swimming very low 
in the water and cooing ; she made one short dive. Both then cooed in 
unison. No ceremony followed, however, and the female soon went on to 
the nest. The male shortly afterwards flew off, but returned within half an 
hour. No excitement occurred within the next hour. After this he several 
times came up close to the nest, and gave the cooing call, which wiis some- 
times given by the female in response. Soon after this he flew off. Here we 
have evidence of sexual ceremonies in the morning, but a very " dull evening.''' 
Probably the mutual ceremonies are practised less and less as incubation 
proceeds. 
Next day (the 10th) I was in the tent from 2. -IS to 5 p.m. The male did 
not appear at all. The tent was now pitched at 6 yards from the nest. The 
■bird was markedl}' less nervous than the day before, bnt every time that she 
approached the nest from the open water, she dipped her bill several times 
before venturing on the difficult overland traverse. This corroborates the 
interpretation of the " looking into the water " as an expression of emotion. 
On the 11th, the last day we spent on the Foreland, I spent 12.30 to 2 a.m. 
:at this tarn. The male again did not appear. The female appeared to be 
sitting whenever I was watching ; but there is no doubt that the male is to 
be found sitting in this species (Witherby, '00, &c.). During this period 
■the three birds previously referred to (p. 257) flew down and, after cii-eling 
.round, alighted on the tarn. All were very alert in expression, and were 
repeatedly dipping their beaks into the water — i. e. under the influence 
of emotional excitement. From" their sizes, I should say there were two 
females and one male. After a few minutes they rose, circled round again, 
and again settled. One separated from the other two. The (apjjarentj male of 
these two arched its neck very slightly, as if going into the snake position ; 
on this, the other bird dived and emerged in the vertical " Penguin "attitude, 
as already described. The immediate fluttering over the water by the 
remaining bird on the female's diving indicates that this is a regularly- 
'oLCurring ceremony and that the emergence was expected ; the same is true 
in the Grebe. 
The " Penguin " bird dived again, with a splash ; but before it had 
emerged, the other two had both, for some unknown reason, flown off. The 
diving bird emerged in an abortive " Penguin " attitude, looked round to see 
