CELLULARINE AND OTHER POLYZOA. 
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€arhasea, Gray, 1848, pp. 105, 146. — The onl}- species is Carbasea papyracea, but 
the S3'iion3'my includes the folio-wing species : — (1) Eschara papyrea, Pallas 
(1766, p. 56), from the Mediterranean, still known by Pallas' trivial name; 
(2) Flustra carbasea, Ellis and Solander (1786, p. 14), from Aberdeen and 
Edinburgh. By the rule of absolute tautonyray the genotype is F. carbasea, and 
this conclusion is confirmed by Gray's mention of specimens from Northumber- 
land and Scarborough examined by him in the British Museum Collection. 
The genotype has been renamed C. solanderi by Norman (1903, A.M. N. H. 
(7) si. p. 582), but there appears to be no valid reason for rejecting its original 
name, which should accordingly stand as Carbasea carbasea (Ell. and Sol.). 
-Caulibugula, Verrill, 1900, Trans. Conn. Acad. x. p. 593. — Genotype, selected by 
the author, Caulibugula armata, Verr., n. sp. Apparently a synonym of 
Stirpariella {q. v.). 
Cellaria, Ellis and Solander, 1786, p. 18. — Genosyntypes, 18 species, referable to 
about 13 modern genera. Thirteen of these species are identical -with 
species included by Pallas in Cdlularia {q. v.), as is shown by the identical 
citations, by both authors, of the work of Ellis (1755). It has generally 
been assumed that Cellaria was a gratuitous alteration of Cellularia ; but 
Ellis and Solander do not refer to Pallas, and it seems possible that their 
arraugement was an entirely independent one, based on the works of Ellis 
and Liuuseus. 
In 1801 Lamarck (Syst. An. s. Vert. p. 382) defined Cellaria nearly in its 
modern sense, including two species only : — (1) C. salicornia, with synonyms 
C. farciminoides. Ell. and Sol. and Tubularia fistidosa, L. ; (2) G.cirrata, Ell. 
and Sol., which later became the genotype of Menipea (q. v.). He placed 
C. salicornia alone in the first Section of the genus, distinguished by having 
"Articulations couvertes de cellules dans tons les sens." Under Cellaria 
Lamouroux (1816, p. 125) moreover writes : " J'ai conserve le nom de Cellaire 
au groupe dont les Poly piers avoient pour type le Cellaria Salicornia." 
I think this is a case in which the strict Law of Priority should be set on 
one side, in view of the undoubted inconvenience of reverting to the earlier 
name. Norman (1903, A. M. N. H. (7) xi. p. 577) suggested a return to 
Cellularia, pointing out that Cellaria is to be regarded as an absolute synonym 
of that genus. But, on the other hand, Cellaria had already acquired a 
definite signification, which it has since retained; and this cannot be said of 
Cellularia, which has been used in the most various senses, and should, in 
my opinion, be discarded. In this respect I am in agreement with the 
conclusions of D'Orbigny (1851, P. E. T. C. p. 27), Smitt (1868, p. 383), 
Hincks (1880, p. 104), Waters (1897, J. L. S. xxvi. p. 3), and others. The 
genotype is Eschara Jistulosa, L., of which C. farciminoides, included in EUis 
and Solander's original account, as well as Cellularia salicornia (pars), Pallas, 
selected by Lamouroux (1816) as the genotype, are synonyms. 
The identification of the species to which the Linnean name Jistulosa 
properly belongs requires further consideration, and the conclusion at which 
I have arrived is not the one ordinarily accepted. Eschara Jistulosa was 
