344 SIR SIDNEY F. HARMER ON 
the zooecia, but when present they are large and prominent. They are very 
asymmetrical, the rostrum mucli elevated, and situated at the outer side of 
the zooecium, indicating that the avicularium is one of the pair found in 
other specieSj its direction being as required by this hypothesis. Internal 
avicularia (figs. 32, 35) occur, always in zocecia which do not succeed an 
ovicell, and, as noticed on p. 319, they are concealed by the proximal 
cryptocyst, in frontal view. They are considerably smaller than in M. robo- 
rata, and they lie close to one side of the zooecium, being directed almost 
vertically towards the basal surface. Ovicells occur only on the two median 
rows, and two strong calcareous thickenings of the frontal wall converge 
distally, uniting with one another to form a strong recurved spike projecting 
in the middle line beyond the ovicell (fig. 34). The basal walls of the 
median zocecia are considerably constricted near the middle (fig. 35). 
This and the next two species were placed in Craspedozonm by MacGrillivray 
{1886, Trans. Proc. R. Soc. Yict. xxii. p. 131). who instituted this genus for 
their reception. They are all provided with the lateral bundles of rootlets 
which usually occur in Menipea. The pore-chamber for the rootlet (fig. 35) 
is situated in the usual place, at the proximal end of a marginal zooecium, 
and it probably represents a vestigial basal heterozooeciuni. It is incon- 
spicuous in M. spicata, in which there are no blister-like pore-chambers on 
the terminal walls, at their insertion into the basal wall. 
The British Museum possesses several slides of Victorian specimens 
(88.11.14.97,298; 97.5.1.459,460; 83.10.15.46). 
10. Menipea LiGULATA {MacGUUvraij) . (PI. 18. figs. 31, 33.) 
Craspedozoum ligulatum, MacGillivray, 1886, p. 132, pi. 1. figs. -3-3 «; 1889, Prodr. 
Zool. Vict., Dec. xviii. p. 283, pi. 177. figs. 1, 1 b, 2. Victoria. 
Flabellaris roborata, var. ligulata, Waters, 1898, J. Linn. Soc. xxvi. p. 672. 
Menipea ligulata, Levinsen, 1909, p. 140, pi. 2. tigs. 8a-e. 
Unilaminar, the frontal surface convex, with the marginal zooecia facing 
partly outwards, the basal surface flat or concave. Branches composed of as- 
many as nine rows of zooecia, unjointed. Proximal cryptocyst less extensive 
than in M. spicata, usually prolonged into a thick calcareous spike or column 
(fig. 31), descending basally into the body-cavity, on one or both sides. When 
paired these spikes are not on the same level, one being usually just visible 
in frontal view, at the proximal end of the opesia, the other completel}' con- 
cealed by the cryptocyst and best seen in a basal view of a Canada balsam 
preparation. Spines 1, 1, well developed. Frontal avicularium single, 
symmetrical, its rostrum broadly triangular and directed proximally, shorter 
and wider than in M. spicata ; not developed on the distal side of an ovicell. 
Internal avicularia (fig. 33) rather short, nearly horizontal, the base wide, 
the rostrum just appearing in the proximal end of the opesia. Ovicells 
lonoer than wide, the two calcareous bars uniting in a wide Gothic arch near 
tlie distal end, with a short median niucro. Basal walls of zooecia strongly 
