138 PRIMEVAL MAN. 



define either what civihzation in this sense 

 means, or to specify what kind and what 

 amount of preliminary instruction is the 

 minimum from which further advance is 

 rendered possible. If by civilization is meant 

 a knowledge of the industrial arts, the doc- 

 trine that Man never did and never could 

 " unaided " raise himself from one step in 

 mechanical invention to another, is a doctrine 

 involving two separate assertions which re- 

 quire to be separately examined. Of these 

 two assertions, the first, that Savages never 

 have "raised themselves," is an assertion 

 which, from its very nature, it is difficult if 

 not impossible to prove. Whately defies the 

 supporter of Development to produce a single 

 case where this has been actually done. Sir 



