42 
Both males and females of this smaller species are distin- 
guishable, according to Mr. Wallace, by the comparatively 
large size of the middle incisors of the upper jaw. 
So far as I am aware, no one has attempted to dispute the 
accuracy of the statements which I have just quoted regarding 
the habits of the two Asiatic man-like Apes; and if true, 
they must be admitted as evidence, that such an Ape— 
1stly, May readily move along the ground in the erect, or 
semi-erect, position, and without direct support from its arms. 
2ndly, That it may possess an extremely loud voice, so loud 
as to be readily heard one or two miles. 
3rdly, That it may be capable of great viciousness and 
violence when irritated: and this is especially true of adult 
males. 
Athly, That it may build a nest to sleep in. 
Such being well-established facts respecting the Asiatic 
Anthropoids, analogy alone might justify us in expecting the 
African species to offer similar peculiarities, separately or 
combined ; or, at any rate, would destroy the force of any 
attempted a priori argument against such direct testimony as 
might be adduced in favour of their existence. And, if the or- 
ganization of any of the African Apes could be demonstrated 
to fit it better than either of its Asiatic allies for the erect 
position and for efficient attack, there would be still less 
reason for doubting its occasional adoption of the upright atti- 
tude or of aggressive proceedings. 
From the time of Tyson and Tulpius downwards, the 
habits of the young Curmpanzee in a state of captivity 
have been abundantly reported and commented upon. But 
trustworthy evidence as to the manners and customs of 
adult anthropoids of this-species, in their native woods, was 
almost wanting up to the time of the publication of the 
paper by Dr. Savage, to which I have already referred; 
containing notes of the observations which he made, and of 
the information which he collected from sources which he 
