20 
nature; and as important additions have been made by later 
observers, we are at this moment better acquainted with the 
adult of the Orang-Utan, than with that of any of the other 
greater man-like Apes. 
It is certainly the Pongo of Wurmb ;* and it is as certainly 
not the Pongo of Battell, seeing that the Orang-Utan is 
entirely confined to the great Asiatic islands of Borneo and 
Sumatra. 
And while the progress of discovery thus cleared up the 
history of the Orang, it also became established that the only 
other man-like Apes in the eastern world were the various 
species of Gibbon—Apes of smaller stature, and therefore 
attracting less attention than the Orangs, though they are 
spread over a much wider range of country, and are hence 
more accessible to observation. 
Although the geographical area inhabited by the ‘ Pongo’ 
and ‘Engeco’ of Battell is so much nearer to Europe than that 
in which the Orang and Gibbon are found, our acquaintance 
with the-African Apes has been of slower growth; indeed, it 
is only within the last few years that the truthful story of 
the old English adventurer has been rendered fully intelli- 
gible. It was not until 1835 that the skeleton of the adult 
Chimpanzee became known, by the publication of Professor 
Owen’s above-mentioned very excellent memoir “On the 
osteology of the Chimpanzee and Orang,” in the Zoological 
Transactions—a memoir which, by the accuracy of its de- 
scriptions, the carefulness of its comparisons, and the excel- 
lence of its figures, made an epoch in the history of our 
knowledge of the bony framework, not only of the Chim- 
panzee, but of all the anthropoid Apes. 
By the investigations herein detailed, it became evident 
that the old Chimpanzee acquired a size and aspect as different 
from those of the young known to Tyson, to Buffon, and to 
* Speaking broadly and without prejudice to the question, whether there 
be more than one species of Orang. 
