19 
Eventually, in accordance with the usual marauding habits 
of the Revolutionary armies, the ‘ Pongo’ skeleton was carried 
away from Holland into France, and notices of it, expressly 
intended to demonstrate its entire distinctness from the 
Orang and its affinity with the baboons, were given, in 1798, 
by Geoffroy St. Hilaire and Cuvier. 
Even in Cuvier’s “Tableau Elementaire,’ and in the first 
edition of his great work, the “‘ Regne Animal,” the ‘ Pongo’ 
is classed as a species of Baboon. However, so early as 
1818, it appears that Cuvier saw reason to alter this opinion, 
and to adopt the view suggested several years before by 
Blumenbach,* and after him by Tilesius, that the Bornean 
Pongo is simply an adult Orang. In 1824, Rudolphi de- 
monstrated, by the condition of the dentition, more fully and 
completely than had been done by his predecessors, that the 
Orangs described up to that time were all young animals, and 
that the skull and teeth of the adult would probably be such 
as those seen in the Pongo of Wurmb. In the second edition 
of the ‘Regne Animal’ (1829), Cuvier infers, from the 
‘proportions of all the parts’ and ‘the arrangements of the 
foramina and sutures of the head,’ that the Pongo is the adult 
of the Orang-Utan, ‘ at least of a very closely allied species,’ 
and this conclusion was eventually placed beyond all doubt 
by Professor Owen’s Memoir published in the ‘ Zoological 
Transactions’ for 1835, and by Temminck in his ‘ Mono- 
graphies de Mammalogie.? Temminck’s memoir is remark- 
able for the completeness of the evidence which it affords as 
to the modification which the form of the Orang undergoes 
according to age and sex. Tiedemann first published an 
account of the brain of the young Orang, while Sandifort, 
Miiller and Schlegel, described the muscles and the viscera 
of the adult, and gave the earliest detailed and trustworthy 
history of the habits of the great Indian Ape in a state of 
* See Blumenbach, “Abbildungen Naturhistorichen Gegenstiinde,” No. 12, 
1810; and Tilesius, “ Naturhistoriche Friichte der ersten Kaiserlich-Russischen 
Erdumsegelung,” p. 115, 1813. 
¢g 
