8 
Henry Prince of Orange. Tulpius says it was as big as a 
child of three years old, and as stout as one of six years: and 
that its back was covered with black hair. It is plainly a 
young Chimpanzee. 
In the meanwhile, the existence of other, Asiatic, man-like 
Apes became known, but at first in-a very mythical fashion. 
Thus Bontius (1658) gives an altogether fabulous and ridi- 
culous account and figure of an animal which he calls 
“Orang-outang”; and though he says, “vidi Ego cujus 
effigiem hic exhibeo,” the said effigies (see fig. 6 for Hoppius’ 
copy of it) is nothing but a very hairy woman of rather 
comely aspect, and with proportions and feet wholly human. 
The judicious English anatomist, Tyson, was justified in say- 
ing of this description by Bontius, “I confess I do mistrust 
the whole representation.” 
It is to the last mentioned writer, and his coadjutor 
Cowper, that we owe the first account of a man-like ape 
which has any pretensions to scientific accuracy and com- 
pleteness. The treatise entitled, “ Orang-outang, sive Homo 
Sylvestris ; or the Anatomy of a Pygmie compared with that 
of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man,” published by the Royal 
Society in 1699, is, indeed, a work of remarkable merit, and 
has, in some respects, served as a model to subsequent in- 
quirers. This “ Pygmie,” Tyson tells us, “was brought 
from Angola, in Africa; but was first taken a great deal 
higher up the country;” its hair “was of a coal-black 
colour, and strait,” and ‘“ when it went as a quadruped on 
all four, twas awkwardly; not placing the palm of the hand 
flat to the ground, but it walk’d upon its knuckles, as I 
observed it to do when weak and had not strength enough to 
support its body.”—*“ From the top of the head to the heel 
of the foot, in a strait line, it measured twenty-six inches.” 
These characters, even without Tyson’s good figures 
(figs. 3 and 4), would have been sufficient to prove his “ Pyg- 
mie” to be a young Chimpanzee. But the opportunity of 
examining the skeleton of the very animal Tyson anatomised 
