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foot is longer and the hand much longer in the Gorilla; but 
the great difference is caused by the arms, which are very 
much longer than the spine in the Gorilla, very much shorter 
than the spine in the Man. 
The question now arises how are the other Apes related to 
the Gorilla in these respects—taking the length of the spine, 
measured in the same way, at 100. In an adult Chimpanzee, 
the arm is only 96, the leg 90, the hand 43, the foot 39 —so 
that the hand and the leg depart more from the human pro- 
portion and the arm less, while the foot is about the same as 
in the Gorilla. 
In the Orang, the arms are very much longer than in the 
Gorilla (122), while the legs are shorter (88) ; the foot is longer 
than the hand (52 and 48), and both are much longer in 
proportion to the spine. 
In the other man-like Apes again, the Gibbons, these pro- 
portions are still further altered; the length of the arms being 
to that of the spinal column as 19 to 11; while the legs are 
also a third longer than the spinal column, so as to be longer 
than in Man, instead of shorter. The hand is half as long as 
the spinal column, and the foot, shorter than the hand, is 
about ;%- ths of the length of the spinal column. 
Thus Hylobates is as much longer in the arnfs than the 
Gorilla, as the Gorilla is longer in the arms than Man; while, 
on the other hand, it is as much longer in the legs than the 
Man, as the Man is longer in the legs than the Gorilla, so 
that it contains within itself the extremest deviations from the 
average length of both pairs of limbs (see the Frontispiece). 
The Mandrill presents a middle condition, the arms and 
legs being nearly equal in length, and both being shorter 
than the spinal column ; while hand and foot have nearly the 
same proportions to one another and to the spine, as in Man. 
In the Spider monkey (Afeles) the leg is longer than the 
spine, and the arm than the leg; and, finally, in that re- 
markable Lemurine form, the Indri, (Lichanotus) the leg 
is about as long as the spinal column, while the arm is not 
