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the old world apes ; the third, the Piatyrutint, all new world 
apes, except the Marmosets ; the fourth, the ArcToPITHECINI, 
contains the Marmosets; the fifth, the Lemurin1, the Lemurs 
—from which Cheiromys should probably be excluded to 
form a sixth distinct family, the Cuzrromyin1; while the 
seventh, the GaLEOPITHECINI, contains only the flymg Lemur 
Galeopithecus,—a strange form which almost touches on the 
Bats, as the Cheiromys puts on a Rodent clothing, and the 
Lemurs simulate Insectivora. 
Perhaps no order of mammals presents us with so extra- 
ordinary a series of gradations as this—leading us insensibly 
from the crown and summit of the animal creation down to 
creatures, from which there is but a step, as it seems, to the 
lowest, smallest, and least intelligent of the placental Mam- 
malia. It is as if nature herself had foreseen the arrogance 
of man, and with Roman severity had provided that his 
intellect, by its very triumphs, should call into prominence 
the slaves, admonishing the conqueror that he is but dust. 
These are the chief facts, this the immediate conclusion 
from them to which I adverted in the commencement of this 
Essay. The facts, I believe, cannot be disputed ; and if so, 
the conclusion appears to me to be inevitable. 
But if Man be separated by no greater structural barrier 
from the brutes than they are from one another—then it 
seems to follow that if any process of physical causation can 
be discovered by which the genera and families of ordinary 
animals have been produced, that process of causation is 
amply sufficient to account for the origin of Man. In other 
words, if it could be shown that the Marmosets, for example, 
have arisen by gradual modification of the ordinary Pla- 
tyrhini, or that both Marmosets and Platyrhini are modified 
ramifications of a primitive stock—then, there would be no 
rational ground for doubting that man might have originated, 
in the one case, by the gradual modification of a man-like 
