115 
nor characteristic of, man, inasmuch as it also exists in the higher quadru- 
mana. 
“3. That the hippocampus minor is neither peculiar to, nor characteristic of, 
man, as it is found in certain of the higher quadrumana.” 
Furthermore, this paper contains the following paragraph (p. 76): 
“And lastly, Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik (op. cit. p. 271), though 
they particularly note that ‘the lateral ventricle is distinguished from that of 
Man by the very defective proportions of the posterior cornu, wherein only a 
stripe is visible as an indication of the hippocampus minor;’ yet the Figure 4, in 
their second Plate, shows that this posterior cornu is a perfectly distinct and 
unmistakeable structure, quite as large as it often isin Man. It is the more 
remarkable that Professor Owen should have overlooked the explicit statement 
and figure of these authors, as it is quite obvious, on comparison of the figures, 
that his woodcut of the brain of a Chimpanzee (1, ¢. p. 19) is a reduced copy of 
the second figure of Messrs. Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik’s first Plate. 
“As M. Gratiolet (1. c. p. 18), however, is careful to remark, ‘ unfortunately 
the brain which they have taken as a model was greatly altered (profondément 
affaissé), whence the general form of the brain is given in these plates ina 
manner which is altogether incorrect.’ Indeed, it is perfectly obvious, from a 
comparison of a section of the skull of the Chimpanzee with these figures, that 
such is the case; and it is greatly to be regretted that so inadequate a figure 
should have been taken as a typical representation of the Chimpanzee’s brain.” 
From this time forth, the untenability of his position might haye been as 
apparent to Professor Owen as it was to every one else ; but, so far from retract- 
ing the grave errors into which he had fallen, Professor Owen has persisted in and 
reiterated them ; first, in a lecture delivered before the Royal Institution on the 
19th of March, 1861, which is admitted to have been accurately reproduced in 
the ‘Athenxeum’ for the 23rd of the same month, in a letter addressed by 
Professor Owen to that journal on the 30th of March. The ‘Athenzeum’* 
report was accompanied by a diagram purporting to represent a Gorilla’s brain, 
but in reality so extraordinary a misrepresentation, that Professor Owen sub- 
stantially, though not explicitly, withdraws it in the letter in question. In 
amending this error, however, Professor Owen fell into another of much graver 
import, as his communication concludes with the following paragraph: “ For 
2 
