IIT.—ON SOME FOSSIL REMAINS OF MAN. 
I wave endeavoured to show, in the pregeding Essay, that 
the Anrurorrnt, or Man Family, form a very well defined 
group of the Primates, between which and the immediately 
following Family, the Cararurnt, there is, in the existing 
world, the same entire absence of any transitional form or 
connecting link, as between the CaTaruini and PLatyRuHInt. 
It is a commonly received doctrine, however, that the 
structural intervals between the various existing modifica- 
tions of organic beings may be diminished, or even obliter- 
ated, if we take into account the long and varied succession of 
animals and plants which have preceded these now living and 
which are known to us only by their fossilized remains. How 
far this doctrine is well based, how far, on the other hand, 
as our knowledge at present stands, it is an overstatement of 
the real facts of the case, and an exaggeration of the con- 
clusions fairly deducible from them, are points of grave im- 
portance, but into the discussion of which I do not, at present, 
propose to enter. It is enough that such a view of the rela- 
tions of extinct to living beings has been propounded, to’ lead 
us to inquire, with anxiety, how far the recent discoveries of 
human remains in a fossil state bear out, or oppose, that view. 
I shall confine myself, in discussing this question, to those 
fragmentary Human skulls from the caves of Engis in the 
valley of the Meuse, in Belgium, and of the Neanderthal 
near Diisseldorf, the geological relations of which have been 
examined with so much care by Sir Charles Lyell; upon 
whose high authority I shall take it for granted, that the 
Engis skull belonged to a contemporary of the Mammoth 
(Elephas primigenius) and of the woolly Rhinoceros (Rhino- 
