120 
cerus tichorhinus), with the bones of which it was found asso- 
ciated; and that the Neanderthal skull is of great, though 
uncertain, antiquity. Whatever be the geological age of the 
latter skull, I conceive it is quite safe (on the ordinary princi- 
ples of paleontological reasoning) to assume that the former 
takes us to, at least, the further side of the vague biological 
limit, which separates the present geological epoch from that 
which immediately preceded it. And there can be no 
doubt that the physical geography of Europe has changed 
wonderfully, since the bones of Men and Mammoths, Hyznas 
and Rhinoceroses were washed pell-mell into the cave of 
Engis. 
j 
oul 
Hi 
Fre. 23.—The skull from the cave of Engis—viewed from the right side. One 
half the size of nature. a glabella, b occipital protuberance, (@ to b 
glabello-occipital line), ¢ auditory foramen. 
The skull from the cave of Engis was originally disco- 
vered by Professor Schmerling, and was described by him, 
