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almost perpendicularly into the river. It could be reached, 
though with difficulty, from above. The uneven floor was 
covered to a thickness of 4 or 5 feet with a deposit of mud, 
sparingly intermixed with rounded fragments of chert. In 
the removing of this deposit, the bones were discovered. 
The skull was first noticed, placed nearest to the entrance of 
the cavern; and further in, the other bones, lying-in the 
same horizontal plane. Of this I was assured, in the most 
positive terms, by two labourers who were employed to clear 
out the grotto, and who were questioned by me on the spot. 
At first no idea was entertained of the bones bemg human; 
and it was not till several weeks after their discovery that 
they were recognised as such by me, and placed in security. 
But, as the importance of the discovery was not at the time 
perceived, the labourers were very careless in the collecting, 
and secured chiefly only the larger bones; and to this cir- 
cumstance it may be attributed that fragments merely of the 
probably perfect skeleton came into my possession.” 
“My anatomical examination of these bones afforded the 
following results :— 
The cranium is of unusual size, and of a long-elliptical 
form. A most remarkable peculiarity is at once obvious in 
the extraordinary development of the frontal sinuses, owing 
to which the superciliary ridges, which coalesce completely 
in the middle, are rendered so prominent, that the frontal 
bone exhibits a considerable hollow or depression above, or 
rather behind them, whilst a deep depression is also formed 
in the situation of the root of the nose. The forehead is 
narrow and low, though the middle and hinder portions of 
the cranial arch are well developed. Unfortunately, the 
fragment of the skull that has been preserved consists only of 
the portion situated above the. roof of the orbits and the 
superior occipital ridges, which are greatly developed, and 
almost conjoined so as to form a horizontal eminence. It 
includes almost the whole of the frontal bone, both parietals, 
a small part of the squamous and the upper-third of the 
