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of the facial bones, whose conformation is so decisive as 
regards the form and expression of the head, have been 
preserved. The cranial capacity, compared with the un- 
common strength of the corporeal frame, would seem to 
indicate a small cerebral development. The skull, as it is, 
holds about 31 ounces of millet-seed; and as, from the pro- 
portionate size of the wanting bones, the whole cranial cavity 
should have about 6 ounces more added, the contents, were 
it perfect, may be taken at 37 ounces. Tiedemann assigns, 
as the cranial contents in the Negro, 40, 38, and 35 ounces. 
The cranium holds rather more than 36 ounces of water 
which corresponds to a capacity of 1033-24 cubic centimetres. 
. Huschke estimates the cranial contents of a Negress at 1127 
cubic centimetres; of an old Negro at 1146 cubic centi- 
metres. The capacity of the Malay skulls, estimated by 
water, equalled 36, 33 ounces, whilst in the diminutive Hin- 
doos it falls to as little as 27 ounces.” 
After comparing the Neanderthal cranium with many 
others, ancient and modern, Professor Schaaffhausen con- 
cludes thus :— 
«“ But the human bones and cranium from the Nean- 
derthal exceed all the rest in those peculiarities of confor- 
mation which lead to the conclusion of their belonging to 
a barbarous and savage race. Whether the cavern in which 
they were found, unaccompanied with any trace of human 
art, were the place of their interment, or whether, like the 
bones of extinct animals elsewhere, they had been washed 
into it, they may still be regarded as the most ancient 
memorial of the early inhabitants of Europe.” 
Mr. Busk, the translator of Dr. Schaaffhausen’s paper, 
has enabled us to form a very vivid conception of the de- 
graded character of the Neanderthal skull, by placing side 
by side with its outline, that of the skull of a Chimpanzee, 
drawn to the same absolute size. 
