140 
Some time after the publication of the translation of Pro- 
fessor Schaaffhausen’s Memoir, I was led to study the cast 
of the Neanderthal cranium with more attention than I had 
previously bestowed upon it, in consequence of wishing to 
supply Sir Charles Lyell with a diagram, exhibiting the 
special peculiarities of this skull, as compared with other hu- 
man skulls. In order to do this it was necessary to identify, 
with precision, those points in the skulls compared which 
corresponded anatomically. Of these points, the glabella was 
obvious enough; but when I had distinguished another, 
defined by the occipital protuberance and superior semi- 
circular line, and had placed the outline of the Neanderthal 
skull against that of the Engis skull, in such a position that 
the glabella and occipital protuberance of both were inter- 
sected by the same straight line, the difference was so vast 
and the flattening of the Neanderthal skull so prodigious 
(compare: Figs. 23 and 25 A), that I at first imagined I must 
have fallen into some error. And I was the more inclined 
to suspect this, as, in ordinary human skulls, the occipital 
protuberance and superior semicircular curved line on the 
exterior of the occiput correspond pretty closely with the 
‘lateral sinuses’ and the line of attachment of the tento- 
rium internally. But on the tentorium rests, as I have said 
in the preceding Essay, the posterior lobe of the brain; and 
hence, the occipital protuberance, and the curved line in ques- 
tion, indicate, approximately, the lower limits of that lobe. 
Was it possible for a human being to have the brain thus flat- 
tened and depressed ; or, on the other hand, had the mus- 
cular ridges shifted their position? In order to solve these 
doubts, and to decide the question whether the great supra- 
ciliary projections did, or did not, arise from the develop- 
ment of the frontal sinuses, I requested Sir Charles Lyell 
to be so good as to obtain for me from Dr. Fuhlrott, the 
possessor of the skull, answers to certain queries, and if 
possible a cast, or at any rate drawings, or photographs, of 
the interior of the skull. 
