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hibits the edge and the interior of the posterior, or occipital, 
part of the skull, and shows very clearly the two depressions 
for the lateral sinuses, sweeping inwards towards the middle 
line of the roof of the skull, to form the longitudinal sinus. 
It was clear, therefore, that I had not erred in my interpre- 
tation, and that the posterior lobe of the brain of the 
Neanderthal man must have been as much flattened as I sus- 
pected it to be. 
In truth, the Neanderthal cranium has most extraordinary 
characters. It has an extreme length of 8 inches, while its 
breadth is only 5°75 inches, or, in other words, its length is to 
its breadth as 100: 72. It is exceedingly depressed, measuring 
only about 3:4 inches from the glabello-occipital line to the 
.vertex. The longitudinal arc, measured in the same way as 
in the Engis skull, is 12 inches; the transverse arc cannot be 
exactly ascertained, in consequence of the absence of the 
temporal bones, but was probably about the same, and certainly 
exceeded 103 inches. The horizontal circumference is 23 
inches. But this great circumference arises largely from the 
vast development of the supraciliary ridges, though the 
perimeter of the brain case itself is not small. The large 
supraciliary ridges give the forehead a far more retreating 
appearance than its internal contour would bear out. 
To an anatomical eye the posterior part of the skull is even 
more striking than the anterior. The occipital protuberance 
occupies the extreme posterior end of the skull, when the 
glabello-occipital line is made horizontal, and so far from any 
part of the occipital region extending beyond it, this region 
of the skull slopes obliquely upward and forward, so that the 
lambdoidal suture is situated well upon the upper surface of 
the cranium. At the same time, notwithstanding the great 
length of the skull, the sagittal suture is remarkably short 
(44 inches), and the squamosal suture is very straight. 
In replyto my questions Dr. Fuhlrott writes that the occipital 
bone “is in astate of perfect preservation as far as the upper 
semicircular line, which is a very strong ridge, linear at its 
