153 
Until human crania have been largely worked out in a 
manner similar to that here suggested—until it shall be an 
opprobrium to an ethnological collection to possess a single 
skull which is not bisected longitudinally—until the angles 
and measurements here mentioned, together with a number 
of others of which I cannot speak in this place, are deter- 
mined, and tabulated with reference to the basicranial axis 
as unity, for 1arge numbers of skulls of the different races 
of Mankind, I do not think we shall have any very safe basis 
for that ethnological craniology which aspires to give the 
anatomical characters of the crania of the different Races of 
Mankind. 
At present, I believe that the general outlines of what 
may be safely said upon that subject may be summed up 
in a very few words. Draw a line on a globe from the Gold 
Coast in Western Africa to the steppes of Tartary. At 
the southern and western end of that line there live 
the most dolichocephalic, prognathous, curly-haired, dark- 
skinned of men—the true Negroes. At the northern and 
eastern end of the same line there live the most brachy- 
cephalic, orthognathous, straight-haired, yellow-skinned of 
men—the Tartars and Calmucks. The two ends of this imagi- 
nary line are indeed, so to speak, ethnological antipodes. 
A line drawn at right angles, or nearly so, to this polar line 
through Europe and Southern Asia to Hindostan, would 
gives usasort of equator, around which round-headed, oval- 
headed, and oblong-headed, prognathous and orthognathous, 
fair and dark races—but none possessing the excessively 
marked characters of Calmuck or Negro—group themselves. 
It is worthy of notice that the regions of the antipodal 
races are autipodal in climate, the greatest contrast the 
world affords, perhaps, being that between the damp, hot, 
steaming, alluvial coast plains of the West Coast of Africa 
and the arid, elevated steppes and plateaux of Central Asia, 
bitterly cold in winter, and as far from the sea as any part of 
the world can be. 
