22 NOMENCLATURE 
vegetable substances, which they chew and 
grind. We compare further the Horse and 
Cow, and find that the Horse has front teeth 
both in the upper and lower jaw, while the Cow 
has them only in the lower; and going still 
further, and comparing the internal with the ex- 
ternal features, we find this arrangement of the 
teeth in direct relation to the different structure 
of the stomach in the two animals, — the Cow 
having a stomach with four pouches, adapted to 
a mode of digestion by which the food is pre- 
pared for the second mastication, while the 
Horse has a simple stomach. Comparing the 
Cow and the Deer, we find that the digestive 
apparatus is the same in both; but though they 
both have horns, in the Cow the horn is hollow, 
and remains through life firmly attached to the 
bone, while in the Deer it is solid and is shed 
every year. With these facts before us, we can- 
not hesitate to place the Dog, the Cat, and the 
Bear in one division, as carnivorous animals, 
and the other three in another division as her- 
bivorous animals, —and looking a little further, 
we perceive, that, in common with the Cow and 
the Deer, the Goat and the Sheep have cloven 
feet, and that they are all ruminants, while the 
Horse has a single hoof, does not ruminate, and 
must therefore be separated from them, even 
though, like them, he is herbivorous. 
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