202 BULLETIN NO. 54. [March, 



i. — Paris green, i lb.; 150-250 gallons of water. 



Never put the dry Paris green powder into a quantity of water ex- 

 pecting thoroughly to mix it therein. Put say one pound into a gallon 

 jug, then fill the same two-thirds full of water. Cork and churn vio- 

 lently for a few moments, when every part of the powder will be in con- 

 tact with water. Add this concentrated solution in such proportion as 

 to give the desired amount to the larger quantity of liquid, with which 

 it will readily and thoroughly mix. 

 2. — London purple, 1 lb.; 150-250 gallons of water. 



Prepare same as above. We prefer Paris green, because it is less 

 variable in composition than the London purple, and also less caustic 

 in its action. 



B. 

 For controlling such insects as the woolly aphis, plant louse, oyster- 

 shell bark louse, scurfy bark louse, and San Jose scale, all of which 



are sucking insects, use the following: 

 1. — Kerosene emulsion. 



This solution is made by dissolving y 2 lb. of hard soap in one gallon 

 of hot water, and to this adding two gallons of kerosene oil. Emulsify 

 thoroughly by driving this solution repeatedly through a force pump or 

 any spray pump back into the vessel originally containing it. Dilute each 

 gallon of this emulsion with 15 to 30 gallons of water for the aphides 

 and plant lice above referred to. For San Jose scale dilute each gallon 

 with five gallons of water and apply on the dormant wood only. For 

 oyster-shell bark louse and scurfy bark louse, in making application 

 after leaves of tree have expanded, use the dilute solution, or when 

 treating dormant trees, use the concentrated solution as in the case of 

 the San Jose scale. 

 2. — Kerosene and water applied by means of the " Kerowater " pump 



(fig. 19, p. 198), or "Peerless Kerosene Sprayer" (fig. 26, p. 199). 



For the scale insects above described use a 30 per cent, to 40 per 

 cent, mixture when applying to dormant wood. After leaves have 

 expanded use from a 5 per cent, to 10 per cent, mixture. A 50 per cent, 

 mixture of kerosene and water may be applied with impunity to apple 

 trees. Although there has been some difference of opinion in regard 

 to the use of strong mixtures of kerosene and water on fruit trees, it is 

 now a settled fact that pure kerosene alone may be sprayed and brushed 

 on the limbs and trunks of apple trees during dry days without any injury 

 whatever. We have repeatedly made such applications, not only to 

 apple but also to pear trees. This mixture, however, should be used 

 with caution, and preferably during weather when evaporation takes 

 place rapidly. Especial care should be used in applying kerosene and 

 water to peach trees, as, when used on them, many disastrous results 

 have been reported. 



