1899-] SPRAYING SOLUTIONS. 203 



3. — Whale oil soap, 2 lb. to one gallon water. 



This solution is in high favor for the control of the San Jose and 

 other scale insects. 



C. 



For controlling fungous diseases, such as apple scab, rot, rust and 



mildews, use the following: 

 1. — Copper sulphate, 1 lb. to 15 gallons of water. To be used on 



dormant wood only. 



The object of this solution is to kill the spores of the apple scab 

 fungus and of other diseases which may be present before the buds ex- 

 pand. Put the desired quantity of copper sulphate in a coarse bag and 

 suspend it in the water near the surface. In a few hours the sulphate 

 will be entirely dissolved. A more expeditious method, should a stock 

 solution not be desired, is to dissolve the required quantity of sulphate 

 in hot water. 



2. — Bordeaux mixture. 6 lb. copper sulphate, 4 to 6 lb. quicklime, 



50 gallons water. 



Dissolve the copper sulphate in the manner described under 1: 

 slack the desired quantity of lime in a sufficient quantity of water; then 

 mix the two solutions, carefully strain through the wire sieve (fig. 25), 

 and to this add water to make quantity given above. This is one of the 

 best fungicides, and rarely will it be found to injure foliage. Should it 

 do so, however, add a greater quantity of lime, which will lessen the 

 the caustic effect of the copper sulphate. It is a solution, however, 

 which stains fruit, and, consequently, later in the season the following 

 mixture is in high favor. 

 3 — Ammoniacal carbonate of copper solution. Copper carbonate, 1 



oz. ; enough ammonia to dissolve the copper carbonate; 9 gallons 



water. 



Before making the solution, the ammonia should be prepared as 

 follows: dilute the ammonia with 7 or 8 volumes of water, using am- 

 monia of about 26 per cent, strength. Gradually add this to the 

 copper carbonate until the latter is entirely dissolved. 



D. Stock solutions. 



Where a great deal of spraying is to be done it is often more con- 

 venient to keep stock solutions of copper sulphate and lime on hand 

 for the more expeditious preparation of the spraying mixtures when 

 wanted. They may be prepared in the following manner: 



Lime: — Keep the lime in a barrel partially sunk in the ground, 

 where it will keep indefinitely in the form of paste if the surface is kept 

 covered with water. 



Copper sulphate: — Dissolve the copper sulphate in water, two 

 pounds of copper sulphate to one gallon of water. Two gallons of the 



