MTNHP Bog Lemming Bibliography Page 1 of 1 9 



• Semi-popular account of mammals of the North-Central U.S. with general distribution maps 

 (shading only), description with measurements, some natural history, and selected references. 

 S\TS[APTOMYS BOREALIS habitat is primarily bogs and marshy areas, but occasionally occurs 

 in more xeric areas including dry woods and sagebrush. It digs short burrows and uses 

 conspicuous runways. Globular nests of dry vegetation are built above ground in winter and below 

 in summer. They do not hibernate. Food is grasses and sedges. Fecal pellets are bright green. The 

 middle claws are enlarged during winter, presumably an adaptation to living in snow. Breeding 

 season form May- Aug. Females produce several litters per year. Number of young range from 2- 

 8, averaging 4. Females have 4 pair mammae (2 pectoral, 2 inguinal). Presumably northern bog 

 lemmings have 3 maturational pelages and 2 seasonal molts in adults as do other microtines. 



Jonkel, C. J. 1959. An ecological and physiological study of pine marten. M.S . Thesis, Montana 

 State Univ., Missoula. 81 pp. 



• Concluding phase of a long-term (1952-1958) study in Glacier NP. Investigated minimum 

 breeding age, time of implantation, and ensuing time to parturition and continued studies on the 

 relationship between small mammals and marten population densities. 2 individual 

 SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS trapped at two grids during 2 years. 



Koenigswald, W. V., and L. D. Martin. 1984. Revision of the fossil Lemminae ( Rodentia, 

 Mammalia). Spec. Publ. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 9:122-137. 



• Fossil history of the Lemminae is revised and three genera recognized: LEMMUS , 

 SYNAPTOMYS, and MICTOMYS. DICROSTONYX and LAGURUS are excluded. Speculates 

 Lemminae originated in Eurasia and SYNAPTOMYS immigrated to North America in the late 

 Pliocene. Uses enamel patterns for comparison. Places SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS in the genus 

 MICTOMYS. 



Krebs, C. J. and I. Wingate. 1985. Population fluctuations in the small mammals of the Kluane 

 Region, Yukon Territory. Can. Field-Nat. 99:51-61. 



• Looks at population changes in small mammals in the Yukon. Caught 7 SYNAPTOMYS 

 BOREALIS in 11 0,628 snap-trap nights. 



Larrison, E. J. 1970. Washington mammals, their habits, identification, and distribution. Seattle 

 Audubon Soc, Seattle, Wash. 



• Gives brief and anecdotal information about life history, identification, and distribution of 

 Washington mammals. Lists locations for SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS in Washington including 

 E. Fork Gold Creek [specimens from that site have been re-identified as PHENACOMYS. Use of 

 life biistory information for bog lemmings from this book is problematical since Larrison had 

 misidentified material from both WA and ID (J.D. Reichel, pers. comm.).] 



Larrison, E. J. and D. R. Johnson. 1981. Mammals of Idaho. Univ. Press of Idaho, Moscow. 166 

 pp. 



• Gives brief and anecdotal information about life history, identification, and distribution of Idaho 

 mammals. Lists locations for SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS in Idaho; Larrison states that some 

 specimens lack grooves in the upper incisors [these and perhaps others have been re-identified as 

 PHENACOMYS. Use of life history information for bog lemmings from this book is 



http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us/animal/reports/mammals/bogbiblio.html 1/28/2003 



