TRAINING AND REPAIIIIXG ORCHARD TREES. 39 



heavy bush is left at the end of the branch, trouble is 

 inevitable. 



Baldwins, and other varieties in the same orchard, 

 pruned in the same manner as the Greenings, but with 

 less care, do not droop. Trees of a drooping habit should 

 be planted on a dry and gravelly soil, and when they 

 begin to cover the ground all tall grass and litter should be 

 kept away from them. Dryness under the tree may then 

 be secured. Perhaps it would help Greenings to top-graft 

 them, although the most complete drooper I ever saw is 

 top-grafted. 



CHAPTER XI. 



TRAINING AND REPAIRING ORCHARD TREES.— 

 SCRAPING. 



Aside from ordinary pruning, which is chiefly con- 

 cerned with the form of the tree, there are certain matters 

 of secondary importance and of occasional occurence 

 ■which the pruner must not neglect. Young trees will 

 be twisted by winds, or they may be entirely broken down ; 

 crotches will need to be strengthened and broken tops re- 

 paired. Repair is not necessarily associated with old age 

 and decay. Vigorous apple trees can sometimes be re- 

 paired to as good advantage as can a strong wagon or 

 sleigh. 



If the grower has been so unfortunate as to secure weak 

 and slender trees for planting, he must make them stocky 

 by good cultivation and by headmg back. Induce a vig- 



