20 FIELD NOTES Oi< Ai'l'LE CULTURE. 



variety will prove hardier upon a gravelly eminence than 

 on rich bottom lands. This statement is true of the 

 Eastern States, at least. Of late, B. F. Johnson and 

 Professor Burrill, of Champaign, Illinois, contend that 

 the lower lands are generally preferable for apple growing 

 on the prairies. On account of the pinching drouths the 

 trees upon the higher lands cease growing by midsum- 

 mer, but with the advent of fall rains they start into a 

 second growth which does not mature, and, as a conse- 

 quence, the trees are winter-killed. On the lower and 

 raoister lands the growth is said to be continuous and 

 the wood matures thoroughly. In all cases, however, it 

 is important to bear in mind the fact that hardiness de- 

 pends as much upon soil and location as upon varieties. 



Among the best market apples are the following : 

 ^ For Summer and Fall: Early Harvest, Sweet Bough 

 (especially in New England), Red Astrachan, Williams' 

 Favorite (eastward), Oldenburgh {Duchess of Olden- 

 hurgh), Alexander, St. Lawrence, Gravenstein, Maiden's 

 Blush, Chenango {Chenango Strawberry), Twenty Ounce, 

 Shiawassee (early winter), Ohio Nonpareil, Lowell, Porter, 

 Hawthornden, Jersey Sweet, Fameuse {Snow Apple). 



For Winter: Baldwin, Northern Spy, Rliode Island 

 Greening, Ben Davis (West and South), Talman Sweet, 

 Red Canada, Tompkins King, Grimes' Golden, Stark, 

 Golden Russet, Roxbury Russet (eastward), Hubbards- 

 ton (early winter), Fallawater, Smith's Cider, Jonathan, 

 Nickajack (South), Vandevere, Peck's Pleasant, Limber 

 Twig. 



The following have a reputation for home use : 



For Summer and Fall : Primate, Sweet Bough, Early 



