78 FIELD NOTES 0^^ APPLE CULTURE. 



are pushed from its burrows. The larva or grub lives three 

 years. When full grown (figure 15) it is about an inch 

 long, nearly cylindrical, whitish or often tinged with 

 yellow. The pretty brown and white striped parent 

 beetle (figure 14) is commonly nocturnal in its habits, 

 and is therefore seldom seen by the casual observer. 



If one would know the whole life history of this insect, 

 he will be obliged to watch it three years, and to follow 

 it from an egg laid on the bark, through a tiny opening 

 into the sapwood, through a gradually enlarging channel 

 tending inwards and upwards, and finally reaching its 

 termination just beneath the bark. Tliere the insect 

 would be at the end of nearly three years, a motionless 

 pupa, wrapped in a cocoon of its own chips. During the 

 first year the grub works in the soft sapwood, just under- 

 neath the bark, but about the beginning of its second 

 year it enters the hard wood. Sometimes, however, the 

 tunnel is nearly superficial for its whole length. Daring 

 two winters the insect remains in the tree as a grub, but 

 before the third winter, it has changed into a pupa, and 

 lies in its cocoon until the following spring, when it be- 

 comes a beetle. The pupa sometimes transforms into a 

 beetle before warm weather appears, and the beetle will 

 then lie in tlie burrow until awakened by the warmth of 

 May or June. It then gnaws a smooth, round hole 

 through the bark, and escapes at night. Evidently 

 aware of the ill repute in which it is held, the beetle 

 hides itself during the day, and at night flies about 

 the orchard, bent upon mischief. It is occasionally 

 met with in the daytime. All tlirough June and July 

 it lingers about the orchard, but before the summer 



