Spencer.] ^-^4: [March 18, 



of the western end of Lake Ontario. The drainage by this river swept past 

 the foot of the submerged escarpment of Lake Ontario, described in pre- 

 ceding pages, until it passed the meridian of Oswego. 



"With such an outlet, and with the ancient Grand river valley buried to 

 an equal depth, we have an easy solution to the problem of the drainage 

 of Lake Erie. See section. Fig. 3. 



Fig, 3. 

 Section of Grand River Valley at Seneca, 



Fig. 3.— Section of Grand River valley at Seneca. A, D, C, H, B, is the profile 

 of the H. &N. "W. Railway; horizontal distance, 2 miles to an inch; vertical, 

 400 feet to an inch, C, represents position of Grand river; D, C, H, valley two 

 miles wide and with maximum depth of 75 feet. L, E, level of Lake Erie ; L, O, 

 level of Lake Ontario; D, F, H, probable depth of buried valley. 



Attention has been called in this paper to the deepest portion of Lake 

 Erie being southward of Haldimand county, and about the end of Long 

 point, and extending transversely towards the Pennsylvania shore. 



So far, our remarks have applied to Canada. If we turn towards the 

 American shore, we will see that the observations made there go very 

 strongly in support of what has been written. 



Several years since Dr. Newberry, Mr. Gilbert, and others, called atten- 

 tion to the deeply buried valleys of the Cuyahoga, Chagrin, Grand, Mau- 

 mee and other rivers in Ohio, which emptied into Lake Erie much below 

 their present levels. The Cuyahoga has its channel buried to a depth of 

 228 feet below the surface of Lake Erie of our time, whilst the deepest 

 water in the neighboring portion of the lake is less than a hundred feet. 



