Importance and History of the Apple Industry 27 



Doucin dwarf forms, so-called bloomless apple, and others. 

 The Siberian crab is Pyrus baccata. The growth is more 

 slender and wiry than in P. Mains, twigs and leaves not 

 woolly as in that species, the fruit small, long-stemmed, 

 and with the calyx falling away at the blossom end. Hy- 

 brids occur between Pyrus Mains and P. baccata. Some 

 of the apples known as " crabs " are only small and acrid 

 fruit-forms of P. Mains. 



Several species of crab-apple are native to J^orth Amer- 

 ica. One of them is Pyrus ioensis, the prairie crab. It 

 is not cultivated for its fruit, but the Soulard, Fluke, and 

 others are supposed to be hybrids between this species 

 and Pyrus Mains. 



Some botanists separate the pears and apples into dif- 

 ferent genera. Under this disposition, the pears are re- 

 tained in Pyrus and the apples take the generic name 

 Malus. The common apple then becomes Mains corn- 

 munis, and the wild or run-wild form of it in Europe is 

 called M. sylvestris. 



A number of oriental species of Pyrus (Malus) are 

 grown for ornament, but they need not be discussed here. 



