LIST OF PLATES 



PLATE I. Typical western New York scene. Full bearing 



trees forty to fifty years of age Frontispiece 



TACING 

 PAGE 



PLATE II. Low-headed trees- in a Virginia orchard . . 20 



PLATE III. A typical commercial apple orchard in the 

 Missouri Valley, Kansas. A fifteen-year-old Newtown 

 orchard near Medford, Oregon, in need of water. Bed 

 Astrachan orchard in Delaware 38 



PLATE IV. Looking across the floor of the Wenatchee Val- 

 ley at Cashmere, Washington 58 



PLATE V. View of the Hood Kiver Valley fruit section . 70 



PLATE VI. King apples growing in Annapolis Valley, 



Nova Scotia 88 



PLATE VII. A young irrigated orchard in the Bitter Root 

 Valley of Montana, showing the clean cultivation 

 formerly practiced in the Northwest 108 



PLATE VIII. Eight-foot disk in operation in the Eogue 

 River Valley, Oregon. Spring-tooth harrow in use in 

 a northwest orchard 130 



PLATE IX. Weeder in use in a Hood River orchard. Type 



of float commonly used at Hood River after cultivation 152 



PLATE X. Irrigating five-year-old Winesap trees in the 



Yakima Valley l 174 



PLATE XL Insect pests of the apple 190 



PLATE XII. San Jose scale 208 



PLATE XIII. Insect enemies of the apple 220 



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