xiv Contents 



CHAPTER IX 



PAGES 



FERTILIZING THE COMMERCIAL APPLE ORCHARD . . . 186-205 



Present practices in fertilizing 187-188 



Value of stable manure 188-189 



Experiments with fertilizers ....... 189-198 



Research work of Kraus and Kraybill . . . 189-191 

 Experiments in Pennsylvania . . . . . 191-195 



Nitrate experiments by Lewis 195-198 



Amount of fertilizer to a tree 198-199 



Needs of irrigated regions 199-200 



Nitrate of soda 200 



Methods of applying fertilizers 200-202 



Pruning with reference to fertilizing .... 202 



Fertilizer tests 202-203 



General summary and specific recommendations . 204-205 



CHAPTER X 



DISEASES AND- PESTS OF THE APPLE AND THEIR CONTROL 206-248 



Important insect enemies of the apple .... 206-216 



The codlin-moth 206-210 



San Jose scale 210-211 



Oyster-shell scale 211 



Apple aphids 211-213 



Plum curculio 213 



Apple red bugs 214 



Apple-tree tent-caterpillar 214 



Round-headed apple-tree borer 214-215 



Cutworms 215 



Bud-moth 215 



The fruit-tree leaf-roller 215-216 



Important apple diseases 216-223 



Apple-scab 216-217 



Apple-blotch . . v 217 



Sooty-blotch and fly-speck 217 



Cedar-rust 218 



Bitter-rot 218-219 



