CHAPTER X 



DISEASES AND PESTS OF THE APPLE AND 

 THEIR CONTROL 



IN recent years much attention has been given to the 

 study of insects and diseases attacking the different fruits. 

 It is impracticable here to describe all of the pests which 

 are found on the apple and for fuller accounts the reader 

 is referred to the " Manual of Fruit Insects " by Slinger- 

 land and Crosby and "Manual of Fruit Diseases" by 

 Hesler and Whetzel. 



IMPOETANT INSECT ENEMIES OF THE APPLE 



The codlin-moth (Carpocapsa pomonella). (See Plate 



XL) 



This insect, of European origin, is widely disseminated, 

 being present in practically all of the important apple 

 regions of the world. In the United States it is recognized 

 as the most serious insect enemy of the apple and is respon- 

 sible yearly for a great loss of fruit. The codlin-moth, 

 more commonly known as the " apple worm," feeds within 

 the fruit, causing the so-called " wormy apple." In the 

 early part of the season much of the wormy fruit falls 

 to the ground, but the fruit attacked later is not so likely 

 to drop. In regions in which this pest is abundant, many 

 of the apples as they near maturity are frequently 

 " stung." This refers to the small shallow excavations 

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