208 The Commercial Apple Industry 



growing districts, but instead a spraying scheme that will 

 meet local conditions should be adopted. 



The following suggestion will be helpful in controlling 

 the codlin-moth: (1) Arsenate of lead powder should be 

 used, 2 pounds of the paste to 50 gallons of water or 

 fungicide. (2) The importance of thorough spraying for 

 the calyx treatment can not be too strongly emphasized. 

 This application may be started when 85 to 90 per cent of 

 the blossoms have dropped and must be completed before 

 the calyces have closed. (See Plate XI.) The calyx cups 

 should be literally drenched to insure filling each one with 

 the poison. The spray should be applied with nozzles 

 throwing a coarse spray under a pressure of 200 to 225 

 pounds. The upper parts of the trees should be sprayed 

 from a tower. (3) In regions in which the codlin-moth is 

 serious, every effort should be made to reduce the first brood 

 as much as possible. . If necessary, three cover sprays 

 should be made for this brood: (a) Just before the worms 

 begin to hatch (three to four weeks after the calyx spray) ; 

 (b) as the worms are hatching in large numbers (ten to 

 twelve days after a) ; (c) as the late hatching first-brood 

 worms are appearing (ten to twelve days after b). 



If the first brood is not practically eradicated, no sub- 

 sequent spraying will eliminate wormy and " stung " fruit. 

 In order to catch the first-brood worms that have escaped 

 being poisoned, it would be well either to band the trees 

 or to employ the codlin-moth trap. A large proportion 

 of the first-brood worms transform in a few weeks to moths, 

 the females of which are capable of laying as many as 300 

 second-brood eggs. From this the fruit-grower will realize 

 the importance of killing as many first-brood worms as 

 possible. In spite of the above precautions, however, 



