Diseases and Pests of the Apple and Their Control 215 



May and June and is continued until August or Sep- 

 tember. (See Plate XIII.) 



Cut worms. 



Cutworms are sometimes injurious, particularly in 

 young orchards planted near timber. The worms work 

 chiefly at night, feeding on the buds and tender foliage. 

 During the day they may be found in the soil at a depth 

 of about an inch. A poison bran mash deposited near the 

 trunk of the trees acts as a control measure. 



Bud-moth (Tmetocera ocellana). 



In well-sprayed orchards, the bud-moth is not as a rule 

 injurious. The caterpillars of this insect pass the winter 

 in little cases near the buds and when growth starts in 

 the spring they feed within the small leaves, folding them 

 together with silken threads. Late broods attack the ap- 

 ples by burrowing into the flesh. Arsenate of lead, 2 

 pounds paste to 50, in the scab spray is usually effective 

 against this insect, although an earlier arsenical spray may 

 be necessary. 



The fruit-tree leaf-roller (Archips argyrospila) . 



This insect is especially injurious in New York, Mis- 

 souri and Colorado, often stripping fruit-trees and ruining 

 many of the young fruits. The most efficient method of 

 control is to destroy the eggs early in the spring, using 

 miscible oil, 1 part to 19 parts of water ; or a 10 per cent 

 kerosene emulsion may be used. Arsenical sprays are 

 necessary to kill the insects, 6 pounds arsenate of lead in 

 100 gallons of water, making the first application as soon 



