3) major activities (road building, timber harvest, restoration projects, etc.) that are to be 



undertaken within 300 m of a stream should be done during the period 15 August - 1 

 April; 



4) minor activities within stream buffers (e.g. trail maintenance or reconstruction) should not be 



preformed during 1 May - 15 July; 



5) avoid activities which will change stream runoff patterns or decrease water quality; 



6) in any area where major management activities are to take place in potential Harlequin habitat, 



survey for the preceding two years both for pairs (May) and broods (mid-July to mid- 

 August). If Harlequins are present, develop a monitoring plan for Harlequins during and 

 after the activity is to take place. 



Long term research and management needs involve: 



1) develop a baseline status report of current and historic Harlequin populations in Montana 



(currently in preparation); 



2) investigate site fidelity, inter-stream movement, reproduction and mortality to allow 



estimations and modeling of what constitutes a viable Harlequin population (began in 

 1992); 



3) determining the primary limiting factors for Harlequin Duck populations in occupied and 



historic habitat situations in the Northern Rockies; 



4) developing standardized surveying protocols for occupied and potential Harlequin streams; 



5) developing management guidelines for maintaining Harlequin populations and habitat; and 



6) assess the impacts of past and current habitat modification and develop techniques to restore 



Harlequin populations and habitat. 



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