METHODS AND MATERIALS 



Harlequin Ducks were surveyed on parts of the Kootenai, Custer, Flathead, Gallatin, . 

 Kaniksu, and Lolo National Forests during May- August 1993. We also marked birds in Glacier 

 National Park; surveys there were conducted primarily by Park Service personnel (John Ashley). 

 Most surveys were conducted by walking the stream channel (when possible) or stream bank. In 

 most cases the surveyor walked upstream, giving more time to observe the bird before it moved 

 out of sight. Some large streams were surveyed by kayak. Dates, locations, km surveyed, and 

 general characteristics of the stream reaches surveyed were recorded; any Harlequins sighted were 

 noted with location, numbers, ages, and sex of birds present. For streams in the Flathead and 

 Clark Fork drainages, we attempted to capture and mark all birds seen, when a licensed, qualified 

 birdbander was present on the survey (Reichel or Genter). Captured birds were identified to sex 

 and age, weighed, measured (wing cord and tail), marked, and released. Except in Glacier 

 National Park, almost all birds were marked with numbered USFWS aluminum leg bands and 

 colored nasal discs, individually recognizable by shape and color combinations (see Appendix B). 

 Birds in Glacier National Park were banded with a USFWS aluminum band and a unique 

 combination of 3 plastic, colored leg bands. 



